Ch19-Blood

Input your Wiki Questions here!

QUESTIONS IN RED HAVE BEEN POSTED TO THE WRONG CHAPTER- PLEASE CORRECT. Please follow the formatting- there should not be excessive spacing between answers or questions. All text should be in Times New Roman 12pt. font. 3. The ABO blood group is based on the presence of a. type A and type B glycolipids on the surfaces of erythrocytes. b. type A and type B glycolipids on the surfaces fo leukocytes. c. type A and type B glycoproteins on the surfaces of nucleated cells d. type A and type B glycoproteins circulation in the plasma. e. type A and type B glycolipids circulating in the plasma.

4. Autoregulation of blood flow

a. responds to metabolic demand by redirecting blood to the least active tissue. b. responds to warmth, a physical factor, by constricting arterioles. c. reponds to chemical factors such as K+ and H+ by dilating arterioles. d. A and B are correct e. all of the above 5. Which of the following is NOT true of the cardiovascular center?

a. regulates blood vessel diameter b. regulates heart rate c. is located in the hypthalamus d. regulates contratility of the ventricles e. receives input from proprioceptors, chemoreceptors and baroreceptors

6. While cooking dinner last night, I cut my finger, and blood was everywhere. Name the three mechanisms my body underwent to maintain hemostasis.

a.) vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, blood clotting b.) transportation, regulation, protection c.) inflammation, fever, itching d.) nausea, vomiting, headache e.) erythropoesis, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia

7. A 46yr old woman diagnosed with cervical cancer is taking chemotherapy; when she went to the clinic to get her blood drawn the results showed a dramatic drop in white blood cells (WBC). The term used for low level of white blood cells (WBC) is.

a.) anemia b.) hypoxia c.) leukopenia d.) erythrocytosis e.) leukocytosis

8. True or False Polycythemia is a condition resulting in an abnormally low production of red blood cells (RBC).

9. A 58yr old male with liver failure is at greater risk of uncontrolled hemorrhage because of the lack of what hormone being produced by the liver.

a.) erythropoietin b.) cytokines c.) interleukins d.) transferrin e.)thrombopoietin

10. True or False Receiving a stem cell transplant is better than receiving a transplant from red bone marrow, because stem cell tranplants are less likely to transmit infections.

11. Which of the following is a circulating blood cell that is capable of differentiating into a plasma cell? a. neutrophil b. monocyte c. b lymphocyte d. t lymphocyte

12. A hematocrit of 80 would suggest: a. anemia b. leukemia c. polycythemia d. thrombocytopenia 13. During hemoglobin recycling in the spleen, heme is initially converted into a. urobilin b. urobiligen c. stercobilin d. bilirubin

14. An increased neutrophil count is typically associated with a. allergic reactions b. parasitic infection c. bacterial infection d. neutropenia

15. Hypoxia induces the kidneys to produce a. thrombopoietin b. erythropoietin c. erythrocytes d. platelets

16. Which of the following are cells found in the blood? A) erythrocytes B) leukocytes C) platelets D) All of the above

17. Macrophages breakdown RBCs in the A) spleen B) liver C) red bone marrow

D) A,B,and C

18. Drew Brees has circulating anti-B, but not anti-A antibodies. Which blood type does he have?

A) A B) B C)AB D) O E) Black and Gold

19. At which stage do developing blood cells lose their ability to reproduce themselves? A)hemocytoblast B) myeloid stem cell C) progenitor cell D) precursor cell

20. Which of the following hematocrit values indicates that a patient has polycythemia? A) 65% B) 47% C) 37% D) 25%

21. Which of the leukocytes cells are the most common WBC in the body and have two to five lobes?

a) Eosinphil b) Basophil c) Neutrophil d) Lymphocytes

22. In the extrinsic pathway, once clotting factor X is activated, it combines with factor V with calcium to activate what enzyme?

a) Prothromdinase b) Thrombin c) Fibrinogen d) Fibrin

23. Six year old Kayla needs a blood tranfusion. She has blood type AB+, what blood type can she recieve blood from?

a) AB b) O+ c) A & B d) O-

24. In the recycling of hemoglobin components, iron is stored by_ __and transferred by___.

a) Ferritin, Transferrin b) Transferrin, Ferritin c) Globin, Transferrin d) Biliverdin, Bilirubin

25. Myrloid stem cells are produced by pluripotent stem cells, if pluripotent stem cells are damaged which of these cell will not be produce?

a) NK lymphoblast b) B lymphoblast c) T lymphoblast d) Megakaryoblast

26. David received his blood test from the lab and found the results that he is __which is a condition of the blood in which the number of functional red blood cells or their hemoglobin content is below normal.__ a.Clot retraction b.Hematocrit (hct) c.Anemia d.Erythrocite e.Billirubin 27. When a new born baby results with the an anemia due to an Rh blood type incompatibility; produced by antibodies by the mother. a.Hypoxia b.Hemolytic disease c.Erythropoiesis d.Fibrinolysis

28. Sheila was diagnosed with a hereditary blood disorder called hemophilia where there is a deficient production of certain factors involved in? a. in blood clotting, resulting in excessive bleeding into joints, deep tissues and elsewhere**.** b. in the plasma, less bleeding into joints, in deep tissues. c. low level of oxygenated into blood and platelet. d. Extrinsic pathway 29. Vascular spasm is an aggregation of thrombocytes at a site where a blood vessel is damaged to stop or slow blood loss. a. True b. False

30. Lympocyte is a type of blood cell that helps carry out cell-mediated and __-mediated immune responses.__

a. histamine b. antibody c. leucocyte d. neutrophil

31. Plasma is in the extracellular fluid found in blood vessels; particularly the veins.

a. True b. False

32. Albumin a protein generated in the Liver is responsible for maintaining ? a. An immune response  b. Clotting   c. Osmotic pressure   d. All of the above   33. The blood group ? is known as the universal receiver, where as the blood group ? is known as the universal donor. a. A, O  b. O, AB   c. O,B   d. B, O   e. AB, O   34. **T or F** – Injecting previously stored RBC’s before an athletic event can decrease the bloods viscosity and weaken the heart by making it work less. 35. A high concentration of Monocytes in WBC’s would indicate which of the following:  a. Parasitic infection   b. Hyperthyroidism   c. Tuberculosis or other chronic disease   d. Radiation exposure   e. Vitamin B12 deficiency   36. Nitric Oxide binds to hemoglobin & can be released to cause? a. Vasodilatation  b. Agglutination   c. Hemolysis   d. Erythropoeisis 37. In the liver, bilirubin is released by liver cells in which order? a. bile, kidneys, small intestine, large intestine b. bile, small intestine, large intestine c. kidneys, small intestine, large intestine d. large intestine, small intestine, bile

38. When someone uses the restroom and produces urine, what is the yellow pigment called? a. urobilin b. stercobilin c. biliverdin d. bilirubin

39. True or False In Basophils natural killer cells attack many different microbes and some tumor cells. a. true b. false

40. In the WBC Type Eosinophils the highcount may indicate a. cancers, hypothyroidism b. burns, stress, inflammation c. viral infections, some leukemias d. allergic reactions, parastic infections autoimmune disease

41. Platelet release reaction activates cell release thromboxane A2, which works with serotonin as a what? a. adhension b. lysosomes c. vasoconstrictor d. mitochondria

42. Josie and Max are pregnant with their first child. The don’s want to know the sex of their baby, but both know what diseases run in their family. Hemophilia runs in both their families. a. They should know the sex of the baby because boys get hemophilia because it’s a sex linked gene. b. It’s okay to be surprised about the sex c. They should know the sex of the baby because girls get hemophilia because it’s a sex-linked gene d. Hemophilia is a disease is a disease that you develop.

43. Brandon has not been eating, so he has not been getting his nutrients such as iron. He has not been feeling well and goes to the doctor and gets blood drawn. What should the doctor find? a. Normal hormone, nutrient ranges b. A low hemoglobin value, possible anemia and jaundice c. High red blood cell count d. High white blood cell count

44. Shalanda has contracted Human Papillomavirus, viral infection, which cells are going to do most of the work a. Platelets b. Lymphocytes c. Basophils d. Eosinophils

45. Jamie has decided to have an abortion after being pregnant for a week and wants to use the baby cells for the controversial stem cell research. Can the fetus be used for research <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">a. True <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">b. False

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 20.4pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">46. Can Catherine’s class find out their blood type without drawing blood? <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">a. True <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">b. False

47. Which of the following decrease blood pressure: <span style="display: block; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.75in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.25in;"> a. Aldosterone <span style="display: block; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.75in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.25in;"> b. Antidiuretic hormone <span style="display: block; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.75in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.25in;"> c. Atrial natriuretic peptide <span style="display: block; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.75in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.25in;"> d. Cortisol

<span style="display: block; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.25in;"> 48. Renal failure is caused by: <span style="display: block; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.75in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.25in;"> a. a decrease in TPO <span style="display: block; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.75in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.25in;"> b. an increase in TPO <span style="display: block; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.75in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.25in;"> c. a decrease in EPO <span style="display: block; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.75in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.25in;"> d. an increase in EPO

<span style="display: block; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.25in;"> 49. When it comes to clotting which organ is the most important? <span style="display: block; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.75in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.25in;"> a. Heart <span style="display: block; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.75in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.25in;"> b. Liver <span style="display: block; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.75in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.25in;"> c. Pancreas <span style="display: block; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.75in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.25in;"> d. Brain

<span style="display: block; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.25in;"> 50. Myeloid stem cells stay in the bone marrow the entire time while Lymphoid stem cells start off in bone marrow but move to lymphatic tissues. <span style="display: block; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.75in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.25in;"> a. True <span style="display: block; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.75in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.25in;"> b. False

<span style="display: block; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.25in;"> 51. If Fred is a Bone Marrow donor then how will then how will the red bone marrow be removed from Fred <span style="display: block; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.75in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.25in;"> a. Intravenously <span style="display: block; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.75in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.25in;"> b. The red bone marrow will be taken from his sternum <span style="display: block; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.75in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.25in;"> c. The red bone marrow will be taken from Fred’s humerus <span style="display: block; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.75in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.25in;"> d. The red bone marrow will be taken from the Iliac crest of his hip 52. What is/are symptoms of a low hematocrit result?

a. dehydratation b. schock c. polycythemia. d. all of the above

53. what portion of the blood contain the antibodies?

a. rbc b. plasma c. wbc d. all of the above

54. what is the name of a condition in wich the red blood cells are destroyed and removed from the bloodstream before their normal lifespan is up?

a. lymphocytopenia b. pernicious anemia c. hemolytic anemia d. polycythemia vera

55. jaundice is one of the complications of blood transfusions. the recipients inmune system is destroying the donor's rbs's and produces high amounts of bilirubin, exceeding the capacity of the liver to metabolize it?

a. true b. false

56. what is the name of the plasma protein that transport the iron through the blood to the liver, spleen and bone marrow?

a. hemoglobin b. ferritin c. transferrin d. all of the above

57. Thrombopoietin is produced by the cells in the kidneys and increases the number of white blood cell precursors. a. true b. false

58. If Heather goes to the doctor and has to have an arterial stick to draw blood, what is the doctor trying to determine? a. If she has HIV b. Her daily blood sugar c. The level of oxygen in her oxygenated blood d. Her blood pressure

59. Which is not true of the bloods regulation properties? a. Circulating blood maintains homeostasis. b. Blood can clot, which helps eliminate excessive loss in the case of trauma. c. Blood adjusts body temperature through blood plasma. d. Blood regulates pH by using buffers.

60. Jeremy Shockey is going to the doctor to find out what blood type he is. During the typing, this is what was found: When treated with anti-A serum, there was no reaction to the blood. But when treated with anti-B serum, a reaction was clearly recorded. It is safe to say that Mr. Shockey is blood type a. A b. AB c. B d. O

61. A high count of this may indicate an allergic reaction, leukemias, cancers and hypothyroidism. A low count could indicate pregnancy, ovulation, stress or hyperthyroidism. a. Basophils b. Monocytes c. Lymphocytes d. Neutrophils

62. Atrial natiuretic peptide A. Raises blood pressure B. Lowers blood pressure C.Is made by the liver D.None of the above

63. The most important protein found in the blood that helps control osmotic pressure is   A. Immunoglobulins B. Fibrinogen C. Albumin D. Blood plasma

64. Which hormone comes from the liver and stimulates platelet formation? A. TPO B. CSF C. EPO D. RBC

65. Which Leukocyte is the most common A. Eosinophils B. Neutrophils C. Lymphocytes D. Monocytes

66. When Josh came back from his vacation to africa he started feeling sick. The doctor wanted him to have blood work done. The results showed he had a hight count of eosinophils. What might be the cause of this? A. He has leukemia B. He has a viral or fungal inferction C. He has a parasitic infection D. He has a high stress job 67. what was discovered with in the blood of a Rhesus monkey. A. Rh blood Group b. ABO c. RH + D none of the above 68. True or false Granular Leukocytes be told a part by there color while looking at them? 69. What has nuclei but no hemoglobin? a. Leukocytes b. WBC c. A&B d. RBC. 70. Coagulation requires vitamin K what is the nexts step that would happen? a. the clot willtighing b.the clot will disapear c. hemopiesis is formed 71. true or false when a clot is formed hepatocytes is released in to your blood.

72. What are the three funtions of blood? A. Regulation, Protection, Absorbtion B. Transportation, Regulation, Absorbtion C. Transportation, Regulation, Protection D. Transportation, Protection, Absorbtion

73. White blood cells or Leukocytes have nuclei and do not contain hemoglobin? A. True B. False

74. Which WBC when stained looks red-orange? A. Eosinophil B. Basophil C. Neutraphil D. All of the Above

75. An anticoagulant that is produced by mast cells and basophils, combine with antithrombin and increases its effectiveness in blocking thrombin, is? A. Thrombus B. Fibrinogen C. Heparin D. Plasminogen

76. Name the first thrombolytic agent approved in 1982 for dissolving clots in the coronary arteries of the heart was? A. Steptokinase B. Heparin C. Coumadin D. Aspirin

77. What vitamin is essential for blood clotting? A. Vtamin A B. Vitamin K C. Vitamin D D.Vitamin E

78. A mature RBC has a nucleus. True or False

79. Suzan is about to donate bone marrow for her sister's transplant. She understands that the most common site for donation is A. Iliac crest of the hip B. Strenum C. Femur D. Humerous

80. T cells attack A. Viruses B. Fungi C. Bacteria D. All of the above

81. Which WBC contain heparin? A. Esinophils B. Neutrophil C. Basopil D. All of the above

82. Males produce more RBCs than omen because testosterone,a hormone that women don't possess stimulates the synthesis of EPO. What percentage would mostly be affected by this effect of testosterone? A. hematocrit B. hemopoiesis C. hemostasis D. buffy coat

83. What type of pluripotent gives rise to RBCs, platelets, monocytes, and granulocytes? A. lymphoid stem cells B. progenitor cells C. myeloid stem cells D. precursor cells

84. What is the end result when iron is removed from the heme portion of hemoglobin? A. biliverdin and bilirubin B. urobilinogen and bilirubin C. urobilin and stercobilin D. stercobilin and urobilinogen

85. The common pathway of the blood clooting cascade begins with what factor? A. tissue trauma B. prothrombinase C. thrombin D. blood trauma

86. What term best describes what happens when A-antigens are mixed with A-antibodies? A. screening B. cross-matching C. agglutination D. hemolysis

87. Hemolysis can be caused by autoimmune pathological conditions.

a. True b. False

88. After receiving a blood transfusion a patient complains of itching, rash, swelling, dizziness, and headache. What is happening in his body?

a. agglutination b. hemolytic disease c. allergic reaction d. hemolysis

89. Serum and plasma is one and the same.

a. true b. false

90. The most common protein in blood is-

a. firbenogens b. immunoglobulins c. lipoproteins d. albumin

91. Newborns are given Vitamin K shots-

a. to combat liver disease b. to help with blood clotting c. to inhibit fungal growth d. to encourage osteoclast

92. 92.A patient comes in for jaundice and a tumor is found blocking a drainage duct from the liver. What is building up? a. MSH b. Dopamine c. Interstitial fluid d. Bilirubin e. Oxytocin 93.(93. Abroken microwase oven made a patient sick. The doctor suspected radiation exposure due to low counts of a. Neutrophils  b. Basophils  c. Thrombocytes  d. Erythrocytes  94.A patient’s nail beds are bluish/dark purple. Her systemic blood contains an increased quantity of hemoglobin not combined with  a. Iron  b. Calcium  c. Oxygen  d. Potassium  95.The hunters repeatedly ate wild game with high amounts of iron from bullets. Which molecule(s) acted to transport and store these iron ions?  a. Fibrinogen  b. Transferrin and ferrin  c. Globulin  d. Urobilinogen  e. All of these  96.During heavy menstruation a patient loses excessive RBCs. This leads to  a. Hemolytic disease  b. Hemophilia  c. Hemorrhagic anemia  d. Sickle-cell disease  e. leukemia     97. Polycythemia is a condition in which the % of red blood cells is abnormally high. This raises the viscosity of the blood, contributing to high blood pressure and stroke. Which of the following would not be a cause of polycythemia? a)abnormal increase in RBC production     b)dehydration c)blood doping     d)abnormal decrease in RBC production 98)Identify the incorrect clotting factor:     a)II – Prothrombin b)IV- Sodium Ions (NA+)     c)I - Fibrinogen d)III- Tissue Factor (thromboplastin)     99)Allergic reactions, leukemias, cancers, and hypothyroidism are all possible indications of ______: a)High levels of Basophils     b)Low Levels of Neutrophils c) High levels of Neutrophils     d) Low Levels of Basophils 100)Which of the lymphocytes destroy bacteria and their toxins and are able to turn into plasma cells that produce antibodies?     a)T Cells b)Natural Killer Cells     c)B Cells d)Both a and b     101)Which of the ABO Blood Group Interactions would be incompatible? a)DONOR: O; RECIPIENT: A     b) DONOR: B; RECIPIENT: B      c) DONOR: B; RECIPIENT: AB      d) DONOR: AB; RECIPIENT: O   1. D- A and B﻿2. E- All of the above 3. E- Type A and type B glycolipids circulating in the plasma 4. E- All of the above 5. C- Is locaed in the hypthalamus 6. A- Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, blood clotting 7. C- Leukopenia, is a decrease in white blood cells 8. False- Polycythemia is an abnormally high precentage of red blood cells 9. E- Thrombopoietin is a hormone produced by the liver that stimulates the formation of platelets 10. True- stem cell transplants are less likely to transmit infections 11. C 12. C 13. D 14. C 15. B 16. D- All three cells are found in blood 17.D- A,B,C are correct 18.A- A blood type 19.D precursor cells 20.A 65% 21.c) Neurophil 22.a) Prothrombinase 23.c) A & B 24.a) Ferritin, Transferrin 25.d) Megakaryoblast
 * ANSWERS**

1. C 2.b 3.a 4. b 5.b 32. **c.** – Osmotic pressure 33. **e.** – AB, O 34. **b.** **False**. Injecting previously stored RBC’s before an athletic event can increase the bloods viscosity and weaken the heart by making it work __harder__. 35. **c.** - Tuberculosis or other chronic disease 36. **a.** - Vasodilatation 37. B- It is the path were bilirubin follows in order for it to be released by liver cells 38. A- yellow pigment in urine 39. B. false - In lymphoctes, natural killer cells attack many different microbes and some tumor cells 40. D- these complications lets someone know it is the Eosinophils 41. C- it works with serotonin to cause platelet aggregation 42. A- They should know the sex of the baby because boys get hemophilia because it is a sex-linked gene. 43. B- A low hemoglobin value, possible anemia and jaundice 44. B- Lymphocytes 45. A- True 46. A- True 47. C 48. C 49. B 50. B 51. D 52. d 53. b 54. c 55. a 56. c 57. a-false. erythropoietin is produced by the cells in the kidney and it increases RBC precursors. 58. c 59. b 60. c 61. a  61. B 62. C 63. A 64. B 65. C   67. A  68. True  69. A  70 A   71 true   72. C  73. A  74. A  75. C  76. A  77. B  78. False  79. A  80. D  81. C  82. A  83. C  84. C  85. B  86. C  87. <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">a. True <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">88. c. allergic reaction <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">89. b. false- serum is plasma without protein <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">90. d. albumin <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">91. b. to help with blood clotting <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">92.d.  <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">93.a  <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">94.c  <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">95.b  <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">96.c  <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">97.d  <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">98.b  <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">99.a  <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">100.c  <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">101.d